[26 Sep 2023]

Setting up your C++ command-line environment

First, make sure you have a proper (i.e., command line-based) environment to develop and test your code. Use whichever IDE you want but your code MUST work with g++ version >=13.
To test that everything works OK, copy-paste the following highlighted text in a Linux/WSL+Ubuntu/Mac terminal:

cd ; mkdir tst; cd tst
cat > Makefile << EOF_Makefile
CXXFLAGS=-std=c++20 -pedantic -Wall -Wpointer-arith -Wwrite-strings
CXXFLAGS+=-Wcast-qual -Wcast-align -Wformat-security
CXXFLAGS+=-Wformat-nonliteral -Wmissing-format-attribute
CXXFLAGS+=-Winline -funsigned-char
CC=\$(CXX)
EOF_Makefile
cat > hello.cc << EOF_Hello
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#define X(token) #token
int main() {
  cout << X(Hello) << char(32) << X(World) << char(33) << endl;
  return 0;
}
EOF_Hello
make hello && ./hello

Does it print "Hello World!"? With no warnings/errors? Congratulations, you're good to go!

If the above doesn't work, contact me ASAP!!! (and copy-paste - don't screenshot!1 - the output of g++ --version. Your compiler may be called g++-13 instead, so please do the same for g++-13 --version)

Quick solution for Linux(=WSL+Ubuntu)/MacOS – COPY-PASTE (***DON'T TYPE!***) THE FOLLOWING:

# On both: 1) Get brew (one line!!!):

/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"

# On Linux only: 1.5) Add brew to PATH (for default installation!!!):

eval "$(/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/bin/brew shellenv)"
echo 'eval "$(/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/bin/brew shellenv)"' >> ~/.profile

# On both: 2) Install gcc@13:

brew install gcc

# On both: 3) Make sure g++-13 is the default (now & in the future):

export CXX=g++-13
echo export CXX=g++-13 >> ~/.profile
# Use the C++ compiler as the C compiler to avoid linking errors.
export CC=${CXX}
echo export 'CC=${CXX}' >> ~/.profile

Debugging Tips:

Are you using a Mac? The g++ compiler that comes with MacOS isn't really g++, it's clang++ (try g++ --version) – you need to install gcc from Brew as above and then use g++-13 (or g++-12) instead.
Did you try to type the above code yourself? Copy-paste it.
Are you using a Windows terminal? Use WSL+Ubuntu (or Linux).
How can you use WSL+Ubuntu? Here are instructions on setting up WSL.
Try brew doctor to see if there's an issue with your compiler (more often with your system...)
Then follow the doctor's orders! The command is exactly:
```
brew doctor
```

Your code should compile with no warnings using the Makefile file defined above (i.e., that set of compiler flags).

1 It's text, so copy-paste it, don't take a screenshot. In general, don't use images of code/results, use the proper text itself.